Analyze ATP synthase mechanisms, mitochondrial electron transport chains, proton motive force, and photosynthesis Calvin cycle bioenergetics.
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Grade 12 · science · Matching answer key included · US Letter and A4
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Identify reactants and products in a simplified chemical process.
Plants also carry out cellular respiration; photosynthesis does not replace it.
Compare where energy enters or leaves each process using labeled inputs and outputs.
During aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic mitochondria, what is the immediate source of energy that directly powers the rotary catalytic head of ATP Synthase?
Answer: B. Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis demonstrated that the electron transport chain pumps H⁺ ions into the intermembrane space; their exergonic diffusion back through ATP synthase generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
Intended curriculum references: NGSS.HS-LS1-5 · NGSS.HS-LS1-7. These references describe learning goals; they are not endorsements.
Published 2026-10-02; updated 2026-10-02. Original MakeWorksheet practice. Automated consistency checks support publication; independent subject-specialist review is not recorded. Read our editorial policy.
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